国外教师职前培养模式的比较研究及启示

教师的职前培养是教师专业化发展进程中的一个重要阶段.从世界发展趋势来看,教师的职前培养模式逐渐趋向于开放化、多元化.西方发达国家近几十年来实行的3＋1、3＋2、4＋1、4＋2等教师职前培养模式各具特色：3＋1模式培养周期短,注重大学与中小学的合作;3＋2模式重视大学与高等师范院校的合作,教育实习特色鲜明;4＋1、4＋2模式中,教师专业教育与学科专业教育并重,适应了社会对高水平师资的要求.这些培养模式对我国教师教育的改革有如下几点启示,即：应更新教师教育理念,建立开放式教师教育体系;增加教育课程比重,强化教育实践训练;因地制宜,因校制宜,构建多元化人才培养模式.

Pre-service Teacher Education Modes Abroad:Comparative Research and Enlightenment

As an important phase in the process of teacher professionalism,pre-service teacher education modes have gradually been becoming open and diversified in the light of the trend of the world education.The 3+1,3+2,4+1 and 4+2 modes which the developed countries have been implementing over the past decades differ from each other: The 3+1 mode has short cycles and pays attention to the cooperation between universities and primary and high schools;the 3+2 mode pays attention to the cooperation between universities and high normal colleges and features educational practice;the 4+1 and 4+2 modes regard specialized education and discipline education as equally important,meeting the social requisition for high-level teachers.Hence the following enlightenments come out: updating the ideas of teacher education,building up an open teacher education system,increasing the proportion of the courses and intensifying practices in education;constructing diversified modes suitable to both local and school conditions.