高校优势学科建设工程的场域理论分析——以江苏省为例

江苏高校优势学科建设工程是地方政府推动高等教育追求卓越的精英政策之一,其目标定位、涉及范围、支持力度都是前所未有的。虽然工程权衡了学术性与功利性、效率与公平以及中央与地方的关系,但是仍然无法摆脱强化精英主义的质疑。在工程实施过程中,政治场域和学术场域的行动者和机构围绕优势学科建设同台博弈,或竞争,或合谋,最终促成优势学科建设工程的顺利实施,进而加剧了精英主义制度化的进程。破解精英主义制度化,也就是精英主义再生产的难题,一方面要实现公平正义的政策环境,制定合理公平的教育政策,同时建立必要的补偿机制;另一方面,则需要处于场域斗争中的教育机构的觉醒,来争取自身的各种权利。

A Field-theory-based Analysis of the Project for Priority Discipline Construction of Institutions of Higher Education： Taking the Case of Jiangsu Province

The Project for Priority Discipline Construction of Jiangsu Institutions of Higher Education, one of the policies formulated by the provincial government to encourage colleges and universities to pursue excel- lence, has unprecedented high goals, wide range of related disciplines and powerful supports. Although trying to reach a balance between academicality and utilitarianism, between elitism and equity, as well as between the central and the local government, the Project is still challenged for its stress on elitism. Orientated by the Project, the agents and the institutions in social and academic fields compete with each other or form alliance in the same arena for priority discipline construction, eventually guaranteeing the implementation of the Project and further promoting the institutionalization of elitism. To prevent elitism from being institutionalized, that is, to solve the problem of the reproduction of elitism, a fair and just policy environment should be created to help formulate reasonable and fair education policies and a compensation mechanism should be established at the same time. Besides, educational institutions in the competition should be awakened to fight for their rights themselves.