主客体关系的嬗变与生态伦理思想的发展

主客体关系与生态伦理思想直接相关,主客体关系的嬗变必然会带动生态伦理思想的发展。古代文化中,主体与客体主要是一种一体关系,人对自然采取敬畏的态度,人与自然和谐共存,人类生态伦理思想是潜在的、自发的。近现代文化中,“主客二分”思维模式取代了古代文化中主客一体直觉体悟式的原始思维方式,人对自然的认识关系取代了人与自然的共在、融合关系,形成了人类中心主义的生态伦理观,人类生态伦理思想处于缺失状态。当代生态文化中,主体与客体是有机统一的关系,生态文化把自然本体论、认识论和价值论有机地结合起来,将“人—社会—自然”看作一个复合生态系统整体,强调“人—社会—自然”的协同发展,体现了人类生态伦理思想的深度觉醒与自觉。

On the Changing Relation Between Subject and Object and the Development of Ecological Ethics Idea

The relation between subject and object is directly related with the ecological ethics idea. The change of their relation will surely help the ecological ethics idea to develop. In the ancient culture, their relation is an integrate one. People are nature-fearer and people and nature are in harmony. The ecological ethics idea is latent and spontaneous. In the recent and modern culture, the binary relation mode between subject and object has take place of the ancient integrate relation. People's epistemic relation of the nature has replaced the former co-existing and harmonious relation. Then the ecological ethics idea has formed which takes human being as the center. And there is a lack of ecological ethics idea. In contemporary ecological culture, the relation between subject and object is organic and united. Ecological culture is organically combined with natural reality, episteme and axiology. So human being, society and nature form a multiple ecological system which emphasizing the coordinate development of the three elements. And thus shows the deep arousal and consciousness of human ecological ethics idea.