杨昌济“合东西两洋之文明一炉而冶之”中的“合冶”思想述论

20世纪初，面对中西文化的冲突与融合的趋势，杨昌济开始了融合中西文明，改造中国传统哲学的尝试，提出了“合东西两洋之文明一炉而冶之”的“合冶”思想。杨昌济的“合冶”思想是以王夫之哲学思想为主要研究对象，旁及朱子百家、宋明理学和谭嗣同的哲学思想来构建自己的哲学体系，这一哲学体系主要包括，融合中西客观唯心主义的“世界本体论”；引进西方哲学中的“自我实现”说，来诠释王夫之哲学中的“造命论”；引进培根认识论中实验科学，来改造王夫之哲学的“知行观”；比较中印哲学，吸取佛学精华等具体内容。杨昌济提出的对东西两洋之文明的“舍冶”思想及具体的重建工作，为青年毛泽东形成“先中后西，先内后外”、对中西文化有选择吸收的文化观，并为他后来构建自己的思想理论，把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命的具体实践相结合，提供了思想借鉴和思想起点，也是毛泽东后来推动马克思主义中国化的传统文化源泉。

Yang Changji＇s Thoughts of Integrating Chinese Civilization with Western Civilization

At the beginning of the 20th Century, faced with the integration as well as the conflict trend between the Chinese culture and the Western culture, Yang Changji began trying to integrate the Chinese civilization with the western civilization and to modify the traditional Chinese philosophy. He put forward the precious thought of integrating the Chinese civilization with the western civilization. He takes the thoughts of Wang Fuzhi （1619--1692） （ a Chinese thinker and philosopher ） as his research object. He constructs his philosophical system by absorbing the philosophical thoughts of the Hundred Schools of Thought, Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, and the thoughts of Tan Sitong （ a Chinese bourgeois statesman and thinker of modern times）. Yang Changji＇s philosophical system mainly includes ＂the world ontology＂, which integrates the Chinese and western objective idealism; his system introduces ＂the theory of self realization＂ in western philosophy to interpret Wang Fuzhi＇s philosophical ＂ theory of fate＂; his system takes in experimental science in Bacon＇s epistemology to remold Wang Fuzhi＇s philosophical ＂ theory of knowledge and practice＂; his system also includes the comparison between the Chinese philosophy and the Indian philosophy and absorbs the essence of Buddhism. Yang Changji＇s thoughts of integration and his practice of reconstructing the system provide ideological reference and starting point of thoughts for young Mao Zedong to form his selective cultural view on Chinese and western cultures by giving priority to the Chinese culture, and to construct his ideological theory and combine the fundamental principles of Marxism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution. Yang Changji＇s thoughts and system are the traditional cultural origins for Mao Zedong to promote the localization of Marxism in China.