文学的惜生情怀及对非人类生命救助

人类要合理收受自然的“馈赠”及“回报”,首先要有惜生情怀,有善性的姿态,能有机和谐修行,在“人与自然和谐共生”条件下与非人类生命同行有机—过程。人本是“善性”存在,理应对非人类的万物生命怀有尊重感和怜悯之情。非人类生物的生命能够成为文学叙事的重要对象,成为关系性的“中介”,呈现文学的一种本有之态。文学与人的其他精神活动协同调节,与人的物性肌体相契合,合力作用生命有机体。文学与自然、社会及他人的一切存在有机感应与交融,形成多层次、多角度、多方位的结构及多重意义指向,使生命机体能够有精神导向性。文学叙事的惜生情怀,能够畅叙生命,其关注点不只在人的自体生命,更在明晰人与自然万物的生命有机交往。非人类生命的生物习性和独有的坚守、韧性,以及对生物多样性及相互间互动、互生机理的适应且遵循,是其生命得以存在的必要条件。人类对此深层认知及体认,不仅能使人类习得对非人类生命救助的技法及策略,更能成为人类自我守持的必选之策。对于文学而言,惜生也好,救助也好,既能解构一种“最后”之境,也能通过朝向未来的伦理叙事明晰当代人如何为子孙后代行伦理善事。

Cherishing Life Mentality of Literature and Saving of Non-Human Beings

To accept the“gift”and“return”of nature reasonably,human beings should first have the mentality of cherishing lives,benevalence,practise the organo?process with non?human lives with the ideology of“harmonious coexistence of man and nature”.Human beings are inherently“benevolent”beings and should have reverence and compassion for non?human beings.The lives of non?human beings become the important object of literary narration and the“medium”of relationship,presenting a kind of original state of literature.Literature,coordinated with other spiritual activities of human beings and corresponding with the physical body of human beings,acts on the living organism.Literature and all the existence of nature,society and others form an organic interaction and integration,presenting a multi?layer,multi?angle,multi?directional structure and multiple meaning orientation,so that the body of life can have spiritual orientation.The sentimentality of literary narration is embodied in the free narration of life,and its focus is not only on the lives of human,but also on the organic interaction between human and nature.The biological nature of non?human life and its unique persistence,toughness,and its adaptation to and compliance with biodiversity,mutual interaction and mutual?generation mechanism are the necessary conditions for the existence of non?human life.The deep cognition and perception of human beings can not only help human beings learn the techniques and strategies of life saving for non?human beings,but also make it a necessary choice for human beings to maintain themselves.In terms of literature,whether it is to cherish or to rescue the living,it can not only deconstruct a“final”situation,but also make clear how contemporary people conduct ethical good deeds for their descendants through the ethical narration towards the future.