日本核损害赔偿责任制度研究——以福岛核事故为例

地震、海啸等自然灾害的出现是引发福岛核事故的重要因素,但不是唯一原因,日本东京电力公司自身不听劝阻冒险作业、隐瞒真相、设备老化以及政府监管不力等难则其咎,因此其不能免除责任。但完全依靠1200亿日元的财务保证无法充分弥补被害人损失,且受责任集中原则以及无限责任失效性影响,最终,日本政府以设立核事故损害赔偿支援机构的方式介入此事,并发布了赔偿指南,将精神损失、经济收入损失、传闻损失、间接损失、自愿避难损失等项目都纳入其中。为了得到及时救济,受影响的民众可单独或同时通过协商、诉讼、调解等方式求偿。

An Exploration on Nuclear Damage Compensation Liability System in Japan——Fukushima Nuclear Accident as the Example

The emergence of the earthquake and tsunami is an important factor triggering the fukushima accident, but it is not the only reason. It should be to blame because of risking operating, and hiding the truth by TEPCO, and lacking of effective supervision by government, so it is not exempted from liability. It is ,impossible to compensate the damage fully according to financial security of 120 billion yen provided by operators. Together with negative effects of the channeling of liability and inefficiencies in unlimited liability, government intervene ultimately via the Nuclear Damage Compensation Facilitation Corporation, and publish guidance on the scope of compensable damage, including the emotional costs, the pure economic loss, the indirect loss, the loss of rumors and voluntary evacuation. The affected people receive the compensation adopting negotiation, litigation and mediation.