浪漫主义与审美主义辨析

作为一种文艺思潮的浪漫主义与作为某些流派、艺术家和思想家以美为最高价值和精神追求的审美主义在精神内涵上有很多相通之处，亦有所不同。理论上说，审美主义发端于浪漫主义，它们的相通之处在于：它们都是对启蒙现代性的反思、批判和超越，却呈现出诸多二律背反的倾向，如：贵族意识与平民精神、精英化与大众化、个人主义与人道主义、理想与现实、自我与社会、彼岸与此岸等的矛盾和冲突。二者的不同之处则在于：其一，浪漫主义更多的是对主体内心情感世界的发抒，体现了一种主体性的诉求，而审美主义则从主体性走向了主体间性；其二，浪漫主义回归中世纪的幻想世界，回归大自然的宁静和谐，而审美主义则走向了审美的自由和超越。

Discriminations between Romanticism and Aestheticism

As a literary thought trend, romanticism shares a lot in common with aestheticism, in which aesthetic beauty is the highest value and spirit pursuit for some artists and thinkers, as well as many differences in their spiritual connotation. Theoretically speaking, though aestheticism originated from romanticism, and they both reflect, criticize and surpass the enlightening modernity, there also exist many contradictions and conflicts between them, such as the noble consciousness and civilian spirit, elite and popularization, individualism and humanitarian, ideal and reality, self and society, this shore and that shore, etc. Their differences are: first, romanticism expresses the subject's inner feelings and it reflects a subjective pursuit, while aestheticism emphasizes the inter-subjectivity; second, romanticism returns to the medieval utopian world and natural peace and harmony, while aestheticism heads to aesthetic freedom and surpasses.