科研不端行为入罪路径探析

探寻一条科学的入罪路径是对科研不端行为进行刑事规制的前提。我国刑法的入罪路径包括司法入罪化和立法入罪化。在立法时机成熟之前,应充分利用现有立法资源,先行实现部分科研不端行为的司法入罪化。但是,科研不端行为的司法入罪化很难实现法益的全面保护,并且,某些特殊的科研不端行为无法通过司法入罪化的方式来追究其刑事责任。因而,走立法入罪化的路径,通过创设新罪来规制科研不端行为,才应是最终的选择。科研不端行为的立法入罪化不宜采用刑法修正案的立法模式,而应采用单行刑法的立法模式,并以此为将来刑法典的全面修订积累经验。

Analysis on the Route of Criminalizing Research Misconduct

Finding a scientific criminalizing route is a prerequisite for the criminal regulation of research misconduct. Criminaliza- tion includes legislative and judicial means in Chinese criminal law. Before time has been mature for legislation, we should make full use of the current legislative resources to criminalize research misconduct in judicature. However, with judicial criminaliza- tion, the violated interests can not be overall protected and some specific research misconduct can not be accused of criminal re- sponsibility as well. Therefore, the optimal choice lies in legislative criminalization---establishing new accusations relating to research misconduct. Criminal law amendment is not the solution for research misconduct; instead, separate criminal law should be adopted when we establish these new accusations, through which more practical experiences can be accumulated for the further comprehensive revision of the Criminal Code.