英美社会工作“实务模式”的历史演变轨迹与结构性特征

社工实务模式是观察社会福利制度建设与社工专业发展的最佳视角。英美社工实务模式历史发展过程清晰、特征明显。人文关怀和以人为本色彩浓厚,追求社会公平和旨在恢复服务对象社会功能的目标明确,微观取向的个案工作、个案管理与家庭治疗方法盛行,社会福利性质与福利制度建设背景突出。英美社工实务模式发展现状清晰预示了社工专业发展与社工实务模式的发展方向与发展趋势,对中国社会工作专业发展与社工实务模式建构具有重要启示。

The "Practice Model" of Social Work in the U.K.and the U.S.:Its Historical Evolution and Structural Characteristics

The Practice Model of social work is the best perspective to observe the building of social welfare system and the development of social work profession.The historical development of the Practice Model of social work in the U.K.and the U.S.possesses a clear process and prominent characteristics including a strong atmosphere of humanistic concern and people orientation,a specific goal of pursuing social equity and recovering the social function of those who receive social service,prevalence of case work,case management and family therapy,and prominence of social welfare and welfare system building.The present situation of the Practice Model of social work in the U.K.and the U.S.clearly indicates the direction and tendencies in the future development of the social work profession and the Practice Model.The historical evolution of the Practice Model of social work in the U.K.and the U.S.can provide substantial inspirations for the development of China’s social work profession.