美国中小学的体验式学习及启示

体验式学习的内涵随着时代的发展而逐渐丰富和深化,但无论其如何演变,直接经验和反思始终是体验式学习这一概念的内核。体验式学习理念渗透于美国教育文化之中。具体表现在：小学阶段的教育以学生的真实感知为基础,注重为学生提供真实体验的机会和激发学生的学习兴趣;中学尤其是高中阶段的教育以学生的真实体验为基础,注重为学生提供在新情境中检验所学知识的机会,注重学生知识、技能的内化吸收。美国中小学体验式学习的实施经验可为我国基础教育课程改革提供如下启示：（1）进一步树立和推广体验式学习理念;（2）创设学生进行真实体验的教学环境;（3）注重实施基于学生体验式学习的表现性评价。

The Implementation and Enlightenment of Experiential Learning in American Elementary and Secondary Schools

The connotation of experiential learning is gradually enriched and deepened along with the development of the times, in which direct experience and reflection are always the core of its concept. The idea of experiential learning permeates American educational culture. It is manifestedin the following aspects.On the one hand, primary school education is based on students'' real perception, focusing on providing students with opportunities ofreal experience and stimulating students'' interest in learning.On the other hand, secondary school education, especially high school education, is based on students'' real experience, and focuses on providing students with opportunities to test the knowledge they have learned in new situations, and on the internalization and absorption of students'' knowledge and skills. The analysis of the implementation in experiential learning in American primary and secondary schools can provide the following enlightenment for the implementation of basic education curriculum reform in China:firstly, to further promote the teaching idea of experiential learning; secondly, to create a teaching environment for students'' real experience; thirdly, to focus on implementing performance evaluation based on testing student experiential learning.