生命伦理原则主义的中国式困境、成因及出路

在中国生命伦理学领域,原则主义的决策框架遭遇实践困境,权利话语的“先天不足”,自主原则的分离以及忽略了人们实际条件的能力模型是其困境之源.西方将尊重自主作为解决困境的出路,但这种模型将自主当作一个静止的概念,遮蔽了个体与社会的真实关系;由于中国文化思维的差异性以及处于社会转型的特殊时期,决定了原则主义之西方解决路径在中国不具有适切性.在中国语境下,儒家伦理能为消解原则主义困境提供本土化的道德资源,包括“仁爱”的道德基础、“经权”的方法论、情理结合的理性条件以及家庭的介入.

Reasons and solutions of difficulties of bioethics principlism in China

In the field of Chinese bioethics, the decision framework of principlism encountered some difficulties in practice. The “congenitally deficient” of rights discourse, the separation of principle of independence and competency modal which ignores people＇s actual conditions are the reasons for the diffi- culties. Western countries take respecting independence as a way to resolve the difficulties, but in this model, independence is a static concept, which has covered the true relationship between individuals and society; due to the different thinking in Chinese culture and the special period of social transformation in China, western solution of the principlism difficulty isn＇t applicable in China. In the context of China, the Confucian ethics can provide localized moral resources for resolving principlism difficulties, including the moral foundation of“benevolence ” , the methodology of“principle” , rational condition for the combin - ation of emotion and reason and the involvement of family.