环境污染对居民的政府信任和政治参与行为的影响

环境污染对居民健康的负面影响已被诸多研究所证实，然而环境污染侵害的远不止公众健康。利用2010年中国综合社会调查数据，系统考察居民感知的居住地环境污染状况对居民的政府信任度和政治参与行为的影响。主要研究结果显示:居民感知的居住地环境污染严重程度损害居民对政府的信任度，但不会抑制居民的政治参与行为。居民感知的居住地不同环境污染状况对中央和地方政府信任度的影响存在差异，居民感知的空气污染严重程度对中央政府信任的影响比对地方政府信任的影响更大，而居民感知的水污染严重程度对地方政府信任的影响比对中央政府信任的影响更大，这主要源于居民对中央和地方政府不同环境治理责任的不同判定。环境污染状况对不同区域和居住地居民的政府信任度的影响存在差异，空气污染损害居民对中央政府的信任主要表现在东部地区、城市地区，而水污染损害居民对地方政府的信任在东、中、西部地区，城市和农村地区均有表现。居民主观幸福感的提升有助于增强其对中央和地方政府的信任，而互联网使用强度的增大降低居民对中央政府的信任，也会抑制居民的政治参与行为。因此，环境污染治理关系到居民对政府的信任和社会稳定，各级政府应下大力气进行环境污染治理，建立公正透明的环境信息披露制度，并强化对民众感受的调查研究，以增强居民对政府的信任和政治参与。

The Impact of Environmental Pollution on Residents' Trust in Governments and Their Political Participation Behavior

The negative impact of environmental pollution on residents'' health has been confirmed by many studies. However,environmental pollution is not only harmful to public health. Based on the data of 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS),this paper systematically examines the impact of residents'' perception of local environmental pollution on residents'' trust in governments and their political participation behavior. The main findings are as follows:The perceived severity of environmental pollution impairs residents'' trust in the government,but it does not inhibit residents'' political participation. Residents'' perception of different environmental pollution has different impacts on the trust of central and local governments. Residents'' perception of the severity of air pollution has a greater impact on the trust of the central government than that of the local government,while residents'' perception of the severity of water pollution has a greater impact on the trust of the local government than that of the central government. This is mainly due to the different judgments of residents on different environmental governance responsibilities of central and local governments. Environmental pollution has different impacts on the trust of residents in different regions and residential areas. Air pollution impairs the trust of residents in eastern and urban areas in the central government,while water pollution impairs the trust of residents in all areas in local governments. The improvement of residents'' subjective well-being will help to enhance their trust in the central and local governments,while the increase in the intensity of internet usage will reduce their trust in the central government,and will also inhibit their own political participation. Therefore,environmental pollution control is related to the residents'' trust in the government and social stability. The governments should make great efforts to carry out environmental pollution control,establish a fair and transparent system of environmental information disclosure,and strengthen the investigation and research of people''s feelings,so as to enhance the residents'' government trust and political participation.