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外商直接投资、环境规制与雾霾污染——理论分析与来自中国的经验
引用本文:周杰琦,梁文光,张莹,韩颖.外商直接投资、环境规制与雾霾污染——理论分析与来自中国的经验[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2019,21(1):37-49.
作者姓名:周杰琦  梁文光  张莹  韩颖
作者单位:1.广东财经大学 经济学院, 广东 广州 510320
基金项目:全国统计科学研究项目资助(2018LY93);广东地方公共财政研究中心研究课题成果(20180005);教育部人文社科青年基金资助项目(15YJCZH242);教育部人文社科青年基金资助项目(13YJC790201);教育部人文社科青年基金资助项目(17YJC790023);国家自然科学基金资助项目(71503054)
摘    要:在加快对外开放步伐和强化生态环境保护的背景下,探究外商直接投资(FDI)、环境规制与雾霾污染的关系,不仅为理解FDI如何影响环境提供新的视角,而且丰富了环境规制的研究领域。在Copeland与Taylor模型框架下,将雾霾污染分解为结构效应、技术效应、规模效应及规制效应,进而揭示FDI影响雾霾污染的内在机理,在区分正式环境规制与非正式环境规制的基础上,采用联立方程模型与中国省级面板数据,对FDI、环境规制与雾霾污染的关系进行检验,并进一步运用门槛回归模型考察FDI引致的雾霾污染的阶段性特征。研究表明:(1)FDI对雾霾污染有双重效应:其通过规模效应和结构效应加剧雾霾污染,而通过技术效应改善雾霾污染。(2)环境规制在改善本地FDI结构效应和技术效应的同时,倒逼污染型FDI转移到邻地,阻碍了这些地区产业结构升级与绿色技术进步,不利于全局环境治理。(3)FDI对雾霾污染的影响在总体上不显著,但前者对后者的作用受环境规制的影响;随着正式环境规制强度的增加,FDI对雾霾污染产生先加剧、后抑制、再加剧的影响;当非正式环境规制强度跨越一定的门槛,FDI对雾霾污染的影响由"污染避难所"效应向"污染光环"效应转换。(4)不同类型环境规制对雾霾污染的影响有显著差异,非正式环境规制是促进产业结构调整和绿色技术进步、进而改善雾霾污染的更关键的因素。因此,在优化营商环境、实施分类环境规制、污染联防联控等方面的协同努力下,能充分发挥FDI的环境福利效应。

关 键 词:外商直接投资    环境规制    雾霾污染    联立方程模型
收稿时间:2018/1/29 0:00:00

Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental Regulation and Haze Pollution -Theoretical Analysis and Experience from China
ZHOU Jieqi,LIANG Wenguang,ZHANG Ying and HAN Ying.Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental Regulation and Haze Pollution -Theoretical Analysis and Experience from China[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition),2019,21(1):37-49.
Authors:ZHOU Jieqi  LIANG Wenguang  ZHANG Ying and HAN Ying
Institution:1.School of Economics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou Guangdong 510320, China2.School of Economics and Management, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou Guangxi 543002, China3.Institute of Urban Development and Environment, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China4.School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang Liaoning 110819, China
Abstract:Under the background of accelerating the pace of opening up to the outside world and strengthening ecological environment protection, the relationship between foreign direct investment(FDI), environmental regulation and haze pollution was explored. It not only provides a new perspective for understanding how FDI affects the environment, but also enriches the research field of environmental regulation. Under the framework of Copeland and Taylor models, haze pollution was decomposed into structural effect, technical effect, scale effect and regulatory effect, and then how FDI affected haze pollution was explained. On the basis of the distinction between formal environmental regulation and informal environmental regulation, the simultaneous equation model and Chinese provincial panel data were used to test the relationship between FDI, environmental regulation and haze pollution, and the threshold regression model was used to empirically analyze the phased features of the environmental effect of FDI. The research showed that:(1)FDI had a double effect on haze pollution:it aggravated haze pollution through scale effect and structure effect, and reduced haze pollution through technical effect;(2)While environmental regulation improved the structural and technological effects of local FDI, it forced the transfer of polluting FDI to neighboring regions, hindering the upgrading of industrial structure and green technology progress in these regions, thus not conducive to global environmental governance;(3)The effect of FDI on haze pollution was generally not significant, but the role of the former on the latter was affected by environmental regulation. With the increase of formal environmental regulation intensity, the effect of FDI on haze pollution would turn to be inhibiting first, and then aggravating and then inhibiting again. When the intensity of informal environmental regulation surpassed a certain threshold, the effect of FDI on haze pollution was transformed from the "pollution heaven" effect to the "pollution halo" effect;(4) The effect of different types of environmental regulation on haze pollution were significantly different. Informal environmental regulation was a more crucial factor for promoting industrial restructuring and green technological progress, thereby reducing haze pollution. Therefore, the concerted efforts in optimizing business environment, implementing classified environmental regulation and joint prevention and control of pollution can bring the environmental welfare benefits of FDI into full play.
Keywords:foreign direct investment  environmental regulation  haze pollution  simultaneous equation model
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