创新生态系统内的知识势差与知识流动机制

创新生态系统内部的知识流动对于协同创新和产业链升级有着重要意义，而其内部创新主体的知识位势分布特征是影响知识流动的关键因素。根据创新主体的知识存量和知识扩散的方向，将创新生态系统内部的企业分为高知识位势企业、中间知识位势企业和低知识位势企业。通过构建三方参与的演化博弈模型，研究知识流动行为、消极参与行为和机会主义行为的演化过程。研究发现:知识广度势差有利于创新生态系统内的知识流动，而过大的知识深度势差则不利于知识流动行为的产生；知识吸收转化能力和内部知识流动的通畅性有助于创新生态系统向知识流动良性循环的路径演化；创新生态系统内部的知识流动行为具有一定的路径依赖性，故应在合作形成的初期就避免消极行为和机会主义行为；由于核心企业或行业领导者与新创企业或集群企业之间存在较大的知识势差，使得知识的转移与吸收过程变得艰难，中间知识位势主体此时则扮演了知识流动中介和辅助者的角色。

Knowledge Potential Difference and Knowledge Flow Mechanism in Innovation Ecosystem

Knowledge flow in innovation ecosystem has important meaning for coordinative innovation and upgrading the related industrial chain. In the meanwhile, the distribution characteristics of knowledge potential of innovative bodies are key factors which influence the knowledge flow. According to the knowledge stock and knowledge diffusion direction of innovative bodies, high knowledge potential enterprises, medium knowledge potential enterprises and low knowledge potential enterprises are distinguished. By constructing the tripartite evolutionary game model, we study the evolution of knowledge flow behaviors, passive behaviors and opportunism behaviors. The research shows that the potential difference caused by knowledge breadth is conducive to knowledge flow, but potential difference caused by knowledge depth is not conducive to knowledge flow in innovation ecosystem. The absorption & transforming capacity and unobstructed flow is benefiting for evolution of knowledge sharing behaviors. The knowledge flow behaviors have the feature of path dependence, so the passive behaviors and opportunism behaviors should be avoided in the early stages. Because great knowledge potential exists between core enterprises or industry leaders and start-ups or clustered firms, knowledge transferring and absorption therefore becomes difficult. In that case, medium knowledge potential enterprises act both as intermediary and aiders of knowledge flow.