外资进入对中国碳排放总量的作用机制与影响效应

在中国扩大对外开放度与全球气候变暖的背景下,探讨外资进入对排放总量的作用机制及影响效应具有重要的意义.拓展Copeland-Taylor的理论模型,引入FDI、研发活动、对先进环保技术的吸收能力这三类技术因素,将外资进入对碳排放总量的影响分解为规模、结构和技术效应,并基于中国省际面板数据予以检验.结果表明:尽管增加外资引进程度总体上提高了全国与高排放区域的碳排放总量,但有利于低排放区域的碳减排;从利用技术溢出效应实现碳减排目标的角度看,中国目前的FDI在规模、质量和效率等方面均有较大的提升空间.实证结果表明,应加大对中西部省区的环境规制,充分发挥外资对环境积极的技术效应,同时,加快构建以区域协调联动为基础的环境治理长效机制,推进以排污权交易为核心的跨区域环保合作.

The Influence Mechanism and Effect of Foreign Investment on China's Carbon Emissions

Under the background of China's increasing openness and global climate's abnormal change,this paper investigated the effect of FDI on China's Carbon dioxide emissions and the mechanisms of this effect. For this purpose,based on Copeland-Taylor's theoretical framework,this paper introduced technical factors which might lead to emissions,including FDI,R&D and the absorption capacity,and decomposed the effect of FDI on Carbon dioxide emissions into three effects: scale effect,structural effect and technical effect. It also used provincial panel data from 1995 to 2013 to estimate the effect of FDI on China's Carbon dioxide emissions. The main findings were as follows: Whether from the perspective of the whole sample or high emission regions,FDI increased China's Carbon dioxide emissions,but it was beneficial to the reduction of Carbon dioxide emissions in low emission regions. From the perspective of utilizing technical effect to achieve emission reduction,in terms of scale,quality and efficiency,China's FDI had potential. The empirical results showed that we should intensify environmental regulation in the central and western provinces to make full use of foreign capital's positive technology effect,while we should accelerate establishing long-term environmental governance mechanism on the basis of regional coordination,and boost the carbon emissions trading market.