双责任闭环供应链的生产决策和责任分担机制

EPR要求生产者对EOL产品承担回收和循环双责任。为研究双责任对不同供应链模式产生的循环激励和利润影响，构建一个由制造商和分销商组成两级闭环供应链，博弈求解集中和分散决策下有无政府规制时供应链主体的最优生产决策，比较分析发现:当固定回收成本足够小，价值恢复节约成本足够大时，制造商有积极性参与回收循环，此时分散供应链下循环率更高，集中供应链下利润更高。政府规制下双责任提高了供应链的环境效益，降低了其经济效益。当原材料获取成本或者处置成本过高时，生产者更倾向于选择政府规制回收率作为循环率。当分销商存在回收成本优势时，通过分割回收目标来现分销商分担回收责任可以实现供应链的帕累托改进。

Production Decision and Sharing Responsibility Mechanism of Dual Responsibility Closed-loop Supply Chain

EPR holds the manufacturer responsible for collecting and recycling the end of life product. A two-stage closed-loop supply chain was constructed to study the impact of dual responsibility on the incentive to recycle,resulting quantity and profits under different kinds of modes. The optimal production decision and the optimal profit in different modes were solved and compared by game. The conclusions are as follows:When the fixed collection cost is small enough, product recovery savings cost is large enough, the manufacturer has actively involved in recycling, while the recycling rate under decentralized supply chain is higher, but the profit under centralized supply chains is higher. Under government regulation,the dual responsibility improves the environmental benefits of the supply chain,and also reduces the economic benefits of it. When the cost of accessing raw materials or the disposal costs are too high,manufacturers tend to choose the higher recycling rate formulated by the government. When distributors have the advantage of collection cost,manufacturers share the collection target with the distributor in order to achieve responsibility sharing and realize Pareto improvement.