“被遗忘权”之争——基于欧盟个人数据保护立法改革的考察

"被遗忘权"是欧盟2012年在个人数据保护立法提案中正式提出的新概念,在2014年5月13日欧洲法院一个开创性的判决中得到支持。"被遗忘权"试图有针对性地加强互联网环境下的个人数据自决权和赋予网络数据控制者更多责任,引发学术界极大争论。关于"被遗忘权"的赞誉与批评相互激荡,左右着"被遗忘权"的立法与适用,推动着欧盟个人数据保护法的发展与创新。"被遗忘权"之争源于欧美关于个人数据保护两种理论认识的差别,反映着立法背后博弈主体不同的利益立场。纷繁的争论显示"被遗忘权"最终呈现的"法律面孔"实为现代网络社会中科技、经济和政治等多重因素合力所致。

The Debate of the "Right to be Forgotten"——An Observation to the Legislative Proposal of Personal Data Protection of the EU

"The right to be forgotten" was a new concept in the proposal provided by the EU Commission while revising the Data Protection Directive(95/46/EC)in 2012, which was supported by the groundbreaking judgment of the European Court of Justice on 13 May 2014. It specifically tried to strengthen the right to self-determination of personal data online, but also triggered a huge controversy in academia. Praises and criticisms about "the right to be forgotten" had mutual fermented, and created an essential inner tension between legislation and application of "the right to be forgotten", which drove the development and innovation of data-protection legislation. The debate of the "the right to be forgotten" originated from the difference of theoretical approaches of personal data protection, and reflected the different interest positions of gamers concealed in the legislation. The complex debate revealed that the final "look" of "the right to be forgotten" is influenced by many factors such as technology, economics and politics of the online community.