从“一元单向分段”到“多元网络协同”——中国食品安全监管机制的完善路径

近年来,我国食品安全事件频发,突显现行“一元单向分段”监管机制之弊端。通过问卷调查、数据分析、深入访谈、文献梳理等方法,对现行监管机制进行解构。研究发现:虽然消费者参与监管的意愿高、主动性强,但由于现行一元体制下的多头混治、政府规制架构下的单向一维、利益博弈格局下的分段监管等弊端客观存在,使得监管绩效不佳,必须完善监管机制,实现政策与价值的耦合:在主体设计方面,由现行“政府一元体制内的多头混治”转变为包括政府、企业、社会公众等在内的“多元共治”;在组织架构设计方面,以信任机制、协调机制的设计和培育实现“网络多维”对“单向一维”的替代;在运行机制设计方面,以协同整合机制、危机预警机制、公共决策机制的健全、完善及优化实现“协同治理”对“分段监管”的替代。

From"Unitary One-way Piecewise Paradigm" to "Multiple Network Co-Governance Model"——The Path to Improve China's Food Safety Supervision Mechanism

In recent years, food safety incidents happen in our country frequently, highlighting the disadvantages of current “unitary one-way piecewise paradigm” supervision mechanism. Through the questionnaire survey, data analysis, in-depth interview and literature review, we found that even though consumers' willingness to participate in regulation is high, and their initiative is strong, the regulation performance is bad because under the current system of unitary long mixing rule, government regulation is under the architecture of one-way one-dimensional, interest game pattern and under the segmented regulation. So we must perfect the supervision mechanism, and make the policy implementation couple with the value: in the main design, to convert the current system of “unitary with the long mix governance” into the “multicultural model” including the government, enterprises and the public; in the architectural design, to achieve the “multidimensional network governance” as a replacement for the “one-way one-dimensional supervision” with the design of trust and coordination mechanism; in the aspect of mechanism design, to replace “piecewise supervision” with “collaborative governance” while perfecting collaborative integrated mechanism, crisis early warning mechanism and public decision-making mechanism.