公共危机治理中社会保障应急政策评价与优化

评价社会保障应急政策、识别政策偏差与制度不足、提出优化策略，对于完善社会保障政策体系、提升公共危机治理效果具有重要的理论与实践意义。基于政策文本内容分析与政策一致性指数模型（Policy Modeling Consistency，PMC），以非典疫情防控与新冠肺炎疫情防控政策文本为分析对象，针对公共危机与社会保障核心特征，设计指标体系，定量评价中国在公共危机治理中的社会保障应急政策，识别社会保障系统在应对公共危机中的优势与不足，提出优化社会保障应急政策的建议。研究发现:当前中国社会保障应急政策能够有效保障民生并促进经济社会秩序恢复，具有一定优越性。但仍存在专项社会保障应急政策缺失、政策内容预测性不足、政策工具组合的有效性低、政策主体权责模糊以及政策评估机制不完善等问题。应通过加大专项政策制定力度、增强政策内容的预测性、提升应急响应政策内容的科学性与完善政策评估机制优化社会保障应急政策。

Social Security Emergency Policy Evaluation and Policy Optimization in Public Crisis Governance —Based on PMC Index Model

Evaluating social security emergency policies, identifying policy deviations and institutional deficiencies, and putting forward optimization strategies can improve the social security policy system and improve the effect of public crisis management. This paper used the content analysis of the policy text and the PMC index model to quantitatively evaluate the SARS and COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control policy text. Based on the core characteristics of public crisis and social security, the index system was designed, the quantitative evaluation of China’s social security emergency policy in public crisis governance was obtained, the advantages and disadvantages of the social security system in dealing with the public crisis were identified, and policy suggestions to optimize the social security emergency response system were put forward. It is found that the current social security emergency policy system in China is superior and can effectively guarantee people’s livelihood and promote the restoration of economic and social order. However, in this policy system, the special social security emergency policy is few, the policy content predictability is insufficient, the policy tool combination effectiveness is low, the rights and responsibilities of policy subjects are vague and the policy evaluation mechanism is not perfect and so on. The social security emergency policy system should be optimized by strengthening the formulation of special policies, enhancing the predictability of the policy contents, improving the contents of emergency response mechanisms and perfecting the policy evaluation mechanism after the crisis.