现代能源产品价格形成机制的法律思考

由于能源行业存在市场竞争与自然垄断的天然矛盾，能源产品呈现出公私兼具的法律属性，能源产品价格形成机制应采取市场—政府的混合模式，且市场机制须占据主导地位。能源产品价格形成机制由基本原则、影响要素和具体规则组成。其中，基本原则包含市场主导原则、调控法定原则、合理规制原则、能源正义原则；影响要素包含稀缺性程度要素、供求关系要素、生产成本要素、环境损害程度要素和公共服务要素。具体规则主要围绕能源产品定价权规则和配套机制展开，前者是能源产品价格形成机制的核心内容，解决定价权配置和定价权行使两个问题；后者则发挥辅助性作用，根据功能不同又分为建构性配套机制和补阙型配套机制。在现代能源产品价格形成机制体系中，各项原则、要素、规则之间分工协作、各有侧重，从而实现经济效用与社会公平之间的平衡，共同服务于推进能源产品合理配置的最终目标。

Legal Thoughts on the Formation Mechanism of Modern Energy Product Price——Between Market and Regulation

For reason that the energy industry exists the natural contradiction of market competition and natural monopoly, energy products present the legal nature of both public and private. Hence, the energy product price formation mechanism should adopt a market-government hybrid model, and the market mechanism must take a dominant position. Such mechanism includes basic principles, impact factors, and specific rules. Among them, the basic principles include the market-led principle, the regulatory statutory principle, the rational regulation principle, and the energy justice principle, while the influencing factors include the scarcity degree factor, the supply-demand relationship factor, the production cost factor, the link damage degree factor, and the public service factor. The specific rules include the pricing rights rules of energy products and related supporting mechanisms. The former is at the core of the energy product price formation mechanism, in order to solve the problem of the allocation and execution of pricing rights, and the latter plays a supporting role, divided into constructive supporting mechanisms and supplementary supporting mechanisms. In the energy product price formation mechanism system, all the principles, elements, rules emphasizes different functions, play distinct roles but cooperate with each other, so as to achieve a balance between economic utility and social equity, and jointly serving the ultimate goal of promoting the rational allocation of energy products.