论法院案件集体讨论机制的变迁——从审判委员会到法官会议

以审委会为代表的案件讨论机制的实践合理性正日益受到社会情境因素的影响，由此产生审委会决策机制的功能限缩问题。在审委会实际角色作用逐渐转变的过程中，法官会议讨论程序逐渐浮现并得到制度化。法官会议所具有的“正反校验”作用有助于解决疑难案件中法律适用的权威来源问题，很大程度上替代审委会规范法律适用的功能。法院内部案件集体讨论机制的流变，反映的是法院内部权力集中度的差异，即从审委会的功能限缩到法官会议的制度化呈现出从集体决策权到集体讨论权的权力变迁过程。与之相对应的是，法官群体在审判权力方面渐进的规模化、结构化、自主化，集体理性走向个体理性的过程得到强化。

Changes in the Discussion Mechanism of the Case—From the Adjudication Committee to the Judges Meeting

The practical rationality of the case discussion mechanism represented by the Adjudication Committee is increasingly affected by social situation factors, which has resulted in the functional limitation of the decision-making mechanism of the Adjudication Committee. In the process of the gradual changing of the actual role of the Adjudication Committee, the discussion process of judges’ meeting gradually emerged and was institutionalized. The “positive and negative verification” function of judges’ meeting has solved the problem of authoritative source of law application in difficult cases, and largely replaced the function of the judicial committee to regulate the application of law. The change of the discussion mechanism in the internal court reflects the difference in the concentration of power within the court. It reflects the change from the limited function of the Adjudication Committee to the institutionalization of judges’ meeting, and also reflects the process of power change from collective decision-making power to collective discussion power. Correspondingly, the trial power of the judges group is more autonomous, and the process of collective rationality moving toward individual rationality is strengthened.