依规治党与以德治党相结合的制度逻辑

新制度经济学“正式—非正式”制度分析范式为揭示依规治党与以德治党相结合的制度逻辑提供了理论模型与工具。实现依规治党与以德治党相结合，关键在于通过整合作为党内正式制度形式的党内法规与党内非正式制度基础的“党德”，从而实现两套治理规范的优势互补与效能互动。推进依规治党与以德治党相结合，需要共同发挥党内法规与“党德”的治理效能，形成治理合力。任何单一制度治理都存在着一定程度的制度失灵、治理低效与缺乏经济性等内在局限。二者结合如超越一定限度也可能会引发诸如制度间协调不畅、制度缺位和互动不足等问题挑战。鉴于此，需要在妥善把握依规治党与以德治党的关系以及制度变迁的条件限度前提下，重新构思两者相结合的制度互动模式，激活其中的内生动力与治理需求，强化制度供给与保障，综合考虑制度建构与运行的成本，以求更好实现依规治党与以德治党的协调统一、相互助益。

Institutional Logic of Combining Governing the Party by Rules and Governing the Party by Virtue

The “formal-informal” institutional analytical paradigm of new institutional economics provides a theoretical model and tool for revealing the institutional logic of the combination of governing the party by rules and governing the party by virtue. The key to realizing the combination is to realize the complementary advantages and effectiveness supplementation of the two sets of governance norms by integrating “party morality” the basis of internal-party laws and regulations and internal-party informal system. To promote the combination of governing the party by rules and governing the party by virtue, it is necessary to give full play to the governance effectiveness of internal-party laws and regulations and “party morality” to form a joint force of governance. Any single system governance has a certain degree of system failure, inefficient governance, lack of economy and other inherent limitations. However, if the combination of the two goes beyond a certain limit, it may also lead to challenges such as poor coordination between systems, absence of institutions and lack of interaction. In view of this, under the premise of properly grasping the relationship between governing the party by rules and governing the party by virtue and the conditions and limits of institutional change, we need to rethink the interactive mode of the combination of the two, activate the endogenous power and governance demand, strengthen the supply and guarantee of the system, and comprehensively consider the cost of the construction and operation of the system, so as to better realize coordination, unity and mutual benefit of governing the party by rules and governing the party by virtue.