美国环境健康损害赔偿的法律实践与借鉴

在美国，环境健康损害赔偿法律实践中广泛运用成本-收益分析方法进行。在联邦层面，美国基于普通法和判例法确定可获赔偿的内容，其中主要包括医疗费用、工资损失和获取收入能力损失、死亡与伤害、精神损失、财产损失与生活侵扰、惩罚性赔偿、按日累计赔偿金、隐私侵犯、杂项费用等。在州层面，一些州制定并较为有效地实施了环境健康损害赔偿相关立法，但另外一些州的立法并不发达。总体而言，美国贯彻整体主义司法理念，实行基于科学判断的规则之治，重视地方知识与国家实践协同运作，这些经验值得借鉴。

Legal Practice and Reference of Compensation for Environmental Health Damage in the United States

In the United States,the cost-benefit approach is widely used in the legal practice of environmental health damages.At the federal level,based on common law and precedents,the scope of compensation includes medical expenses,loss of wages and gain in income capacity,death and injury,mental sufferings,property damage,life intrusion,punitive damages,daily accumulative compensation,privacy violations,miscellaneous expenses and so on.At the state level,some states enact and implement more effective legislation related to environmental health damages,while the practice in other states is not so good.The significance of the U.S.practice lies in a judicial philosophy of holism,the rule of law based on scientific judgments,and a collaborative operation between local knowledge and national efforts.