上海租界语境下沈从文小说创作中的“民族国家想象”

上海租界寄居生活的生命体验刺激了沈从文，使他体会到了强烈的“民族”屈辱感，处处感受租界殖民话语的凌辱。这种“生命体验”，对沈从文的心理乃至其乡土小说写作都产生了深刻的影响。在这种情况下，沈从文于北京时期通过乡土小说的写作实现完成的对自我苗族族群族属身份认同的立场得到了强化，他开始理性正视自己已经“重新发现”了的“本质身份”，将苗族血统族属身份的“隐蔽历史”去蔽还原，端正并将自己苗族身份的族群本位立场推向历史前台，以关于苗族的历史记忆、民间传说、神话故事，以及傩事信仰活动，婚恋中的民间歌谣、狩猎、龙舟、放蛊、行巫、落洞等民俗文化作为书写的中心，以苗族族群民众所具有的淳良朴素德行品性作为对“民族”文化重造的思考，塑造民族“想象共同体”集体记忆的“认知物”，进而完成对“中华民族”这一民族国家的想象性建构认同。

On the State Imagination of Shen CongWen's Novel Creation from the Context of Concession Colonial Discourse of Shanghai

Shen Congwen’s vivid personal experience of the national humiliation during the period of Shanghai concession makes him embark on identifying himself as a Miao ethnic identity by creating numerous folk novels when he was in Beijing.He rationally realized that he had “rediscovered” the “essential identity”.He restored his Miao descent which once clouded its history,held a positive attitude towards his identity and pushed his stance to the forefront of history.His works center on memories of Miao history,folklore,fairy tales,religious activities,folk songs of love and marriage,hunting,dragon boat races,venomous insects,vicious magic,Luo Dong and other folk customs.His works also contribute to restructuring ethnic cultures of Miao people being kind,virtuous,pure and honest,creating the cognition of collective memory for the whole nationality and fulfilling the acknowledgement of the imaginative construction of the great Chinese nation.