《凤子》中反讽的各个侧面（下）

在《凤子》中,沈从文破除了归隐的基础、文化预设、物质可能和终极目的,涉及的是归隐的不可能性。沈从文以反讽为特色的隐士的归隐应当被理解为哲学和神秘意义上的归隐。沈从文的所有思考经过了反讽的筛选都被改头换面了,反讽性的超脱,相对于严肃的彻底超脱只是局部的。另外,这是一种双重的超脱：一方面,作者虽不乏公民与政治意识,但这却不成为一种崇拜;另一方面,生命的张力和对知识的相对化阻止了向神秘主义的转变。沈从文的人物并不逃避,他们生活在现实中。从根本上,沈从文将一个以极端化为特色的时代加以相对化。

Ironies in the Novel Fengzi

In his novel Fengzi,Shen Congwen eradicated the foundation,cultural presupposition,material possibility and ultimate purpose for seclusion,making it possible to realize.Shen’s seclusion,characterized by irony,should be interpreted as seclusion of philosophical and mysterious sense.All his reflections totally changed after they were attached with irony.His ironic detachment was partial with respect to the through and serious detachment.In addition,this was a dual detachment:on the one hand,the author never lacked a civilian and political sense,yet it was not a kind of worship;on other hand,the tensile force of life and the relativization of knowledge had prevented him from turning into mysticism.Characters in Shen Congwen’s novels did not escape;they just lived in reality.Fundamentally,Shen had relativized an era characterized by extremism.