载道、言志、缘情的变奏：古典文学批评框架下的新文学观念考察

文以载道、诗言志、诗缘情是中国古典文学批评的核心命题，从道、志、情的内涵来看，载道与缘情一者强调文学对“道”的无条件附属，一者强调文学对主观情感的抒发，构成了相互对立的两极，而诗言志观则是居于两者之间的一个较强包容性的命题。五四作家在社会启蒙与文学本体建构的双重考量下历史性地选择了“言志”的文学观念，一方面展开对“文以载道”与“诗缘情”观的双向批判，另一方面却又吊诡地徘徊于两者之间。“五四”后“言志派”开始了两个方向的分化，一是“志”的个性化色彩逐渐淡化从而走向“载道”；一是“志”的社会责任感消退，逐渐走向“缘情”。“言志派”的分化，是现代文学观念逐步多元化与现代文学学科发展的必然。

The Transition of “Writing Carrying doctrine”,“Poems Expressing Wills” and “Poems Endowed with Feeling”:Investigation of Modern Literature Concept under the Framework of Classical Literary Criticism

“Writing carrying doctrine”,“poems expressing wills” and “poems endowed with feeling” were key concepts in Chinese classical literary criticism.“Writing carrying doctrine” emphasized unconditional subsidiary to doctrine,“poems expressing wills” emphasized the expression of subjective feelings,while “poems endowed with feeling” was an inclusive concept.The writers during the May 4th movement chose the concept of “poems expressing wills” historically under the dual consideration of social enlightenment and establishment of modern literature.They carried on a two-way criticism on the concept of “Writing carrying doctrine” and “poems endowed with feeling”,while paradoxically hovering in between them.The writers began differentiation in two directions after the May 4th movement,one was the personalized color of “will” faded to “doctrine”;one was the social responsibility of “will” subsided gradually to “feeling”.The differentiation was inevitable when the concept of modern literature gradually diversified and the discipline of modern literature developed.