明清时期湖广土司自署职官初探

通过对明清时期湖广土司自署职官设置的情况及设置源流的探讨，可见湖广土司政权机构划分为行署、旗、峒三级，在宣慰司署那一级又分设为致仕宣慰司署、已袭宣慰司署和经历司署三个系列，它们形成三足鼎立格局。其自署职官分为土官、流官两大系统，内分文武两个职别。自署职官的形成深受明代卫所制度和清代绿营制度的影响，并糅合了以明代军职为主的明清兵制的成份。

A Preliminary Study of Tusi Ethnic Minority Official of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Huguang Province

This article makes a preliminary study on the ethnic official install situation and origin of Tusi in Huguang province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is believed that the political administration of Tusi in Huguang province was divided into Prefecture, Qi(旗), and Dong(峒).The Xuanwei administration can be divided into three departments.the retired afficial department,the inherited official department and the experience department. The ethnic minority officials can be divided into local officials and mobile officials, and in the two systems included civil officials and military officers. This official system was influenced by the Wei(卫) office system of Ming Dynasty and the lüying system of Qing Dynasty mixed with the military appointment system of Ming and Qing Dynasties.