张君劢的民众观辨析

作为现代新儒家的“一方重镇”和中华民国的“宪法之父”，张君劢在面对中国20世纪30-40年代风起云涌的民众运动之时，从多种视角作出了自己的理论思考与阐述：在性善论的视角下，希翼统治阶级本着仁爱精神自觉解放民众；在唯理主义认识论的视角下，想望秀异分子能够对民众“先知觉后知”；在“社会机能说”的历史观下，强调从民众的智识方面着手进行社会改造；在国家“公器”观的视角下，主张民众的真实权益需屈从于抽象的国家利益；凡此种种，都为其最终走向自由民主的反面埋下了种子。

Analysis of Zhang Junmai's Mass Viewpoint

As a modern Confucianist and the father of the constitution of Republic of China,Zhang Junmai did theoretical thinking and stating of his mass viewpoint while he was confronted with drastic China’s mass movements from 1930s to 1940s:from the perspective of good humanity,wishing ruling class to emancipate the mass consciously;from the perspective of rationalism epistemology,hoping social elites to enlighten the mass;from the historical perspective of integrated society，stressing social reforms by means of people’s knowledge;from the national perspective of transcendental classes,asserting that people’s rights and interests succumb to abstract national interests,and so forth.All of these laid the foundation of his betraying freedom and democracy finally.