中国农村土地制度变迁的历史溯源与现实观照

土地是农民赖以生存的基础，土地问题是当前中国农村最基础、最广泛、也是最为复杂和棘手的经济社会问题之一，而土地制度则是一切土地问题的源头和总根源。当代我国农业土地制度大致经历了土地改革、合作社和人民公社化、家庭承包责任制三个时期，内生性动力和外部推动力是影响制度变迁的动因。当前我国农村土地制度面临土地产权界定模糊、土地经营细碎化情况严重、土地征收和补偿制度不完善及土地流转不规范等现实困境，而明晰土地产权主体、土地规模化经营、完善土地征收和补偿制度以及规范土地流转是土地制度改革创新的方向。

Change of Rural Land System in Contemporary China:History and Reality

Land is the basis for the survival of farmers,and the rural land problem is one of the most difficult,common,and complex economic and social problems in China.The land system is the source of all the problems of lands.Agricultural land system in contemporary China has experienced three stages in history,from land reform to cooperatives and people’s communes and family contract system,the internal power and external forces being the factors influencing the changes of the system.The current rural land system in China is faced with such problems of fuzzy definition of property rights,serious fragmentation in management,imperfect land expropriation and compensation system,and irregular land circulation.To make reform and innovation in land system,it is important to make clear of the subject of land property right,improve scale operation of land,perfect land expropriation and compensation system,and regulate land circulation.