影响农户收入内部差距的“干中学”效应——基于我国渔民和非渔民农户的实证研究

党的十九届四中全会明确指出，转变农民收入增长模式是我国未来农业经济建设领域的重点工作。当前，低收入农户遭受的挤压效应导致了我国农村居民收入的分化加剧，农村高收入和低收入间的差距不断拉大、农民经营性收入增长不均衡成为我国“新三农”问题的主要构成之一。“干中学”作为古典经济增长模型中的重要概念，是技术内生化增长模型的主要内容。当前，我国农户经营收入出现了显著内部差异，“干中学”效应对农业经营收入的影响作用日益凸显。研究“干中学”效应对农户收入内部差距形成的作用机理有着重要现实意义。为此，基于柯布道格拉斯函数模型，将“干中学”效应嵌入到人力资本因素当中，通过实证研究对我国渔民与非渔民群体的收入差异进行分解，得出了“干中学”效应对渔民农户收入增长有显著促进作用等结论，提出了政府应加强对农业生产实践活动的培训指导以增强“干中学”效应在农户收入增长中的促进作用等政策建议，以期为我国农户收入增长出现结构性失衡、农户贫富差距不断扩大等问题提供解决思路。

"Learning by Doing" Effect on the Internal Income Gap of Farmers—An Empirical Study on Fishermen and Non-fishermen in China

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that changing the growth mode of farmers' income is the key in the field of agricultural economic construction in the future.At present,the squeezing effect suffered by the low-income farmers has led to the aggravation of the income differentiation of rural residents in our country,and the widening gap between high income and low income in rural areas and the uneven growth of farmers' operating income have become the major components of the "new agriculture,rural areas and farmers" problems.As an important concept in the classical economic growth model,"learning by doing" is the main content of the technological endogenous growth model.At present,there are significant internal differences in farmers' operating income in China,and the effect of "learning by doing" on agricultural operating income has become increasingly prominent.It is of great practical significance to study the mechanism of "learning by doing" effect on the formation of farmers' internal income gap.Based on the Cobb Douglas function model,the effect of "learning by doing" is embedded into the factor of human capital,and the income difference between fishermen and non-fishermen in China is decomposed through empirical research.It is concluded that the effect of "learning by doing" can significantly promote the income growth of fishermen and farmers.This paper puts forward some policy suggestions,emphasizing that the government should strengthen the training and guidance of agricultural production practice in order to enhance "learning by doing" effect in the growth of farmers' income,providing ideas for solving the problems such as the structural imbalance in the income growth of farmers and the widening gap between the rich and the poor.