我国农村要素市场发育之剖析

发育农村要素市场是建立与完善社会主义市场经济体制的客观要求。农村产业结构与农业结构的调整优化，有赖于市场化了的要素结构的调整优化。要素结构调整在前，产业结构调整在后。发育农村要素市场，还有利于提高农村要素的利用率和生产率，加快农村经济发展，不断提高农民收入，缩小城乡差别。农村要素市场发育滞后于城市，是导致城乡差别较大的重要原因。农村要素市场发育之所以滞后于城市，是源于赶超型经济发展战略、资本原始积累与城乡二元体制是相辅相成的。通过城乡二元体制，强制性压低农村要素价格，由此形成的要素价格剪刀差，是资本原始积累的重要途径。发育农村要素市场的关键，是正确处理政府与市场的关系，因势利导地改革城乡二元体制，在城乡一体化基础上实现城乡要素的平等交换。

Analysis on the Development of China’s Agricultural Factor Market

The development of China’s agricultural factor market is necessary for the establishment and further improvement of the socialist market economy.The adjustment and optimization of rural industrial structure and agricultural production structure depends on the optimization of an agricultural factor market.Adjustment of factor market is the precondition of the optimization of industrial structure.A well-developed agricultural factor market is also beneficial to the improvement of agricultural factor utilization and productivity，further development of rural economy，the increase of rural income，as well as reducing rural-urban inequality.The main cause of rural-urban inequality lies in the lag of development of agricultural factor market.It is also the result of catching-up development strategy，initial capital accumulation as well as the dual track rural-urban economy.Through the dual track rural-urban economy，agricultural prices are set lower than market prices.The resulting price scissor between industrial and agricultural prices is the main channel through which the initial capital was accumulated.Thus，the development of agricultural factor market is at the heart of issues such as dealing with the relationship between government and the market，the reform of rural-urban dual track economy，as well as the healthy development of market exchange system between urban and rural factor markets under rural-urban integration.