水库移民贫困人口主体性缺失及其重塑

在当前自上而下的贫困移民扶贫攻坚战背景下，脱贫取得良好成效的根本在于贫困移民自身的参与。现实情况是，被动迁移影响水库移民主体性的发挥、后期扶持项目对贫困移民缺乏针对性以及农村扶贫项目中贫困移民被动边缘化等因素造成贫困移民不能有效发挥主体性作用，并在扶贫实践中处于被帮助的客体角色与地位。而塑造贫困移民的脱贫主体性是实现水库移民脱贫解困、实现全面小康的根本所在。基于“合理赋权、内外结合、上下联动、标本兼治”的工作原则，应从尊重并保障贫困移民的参与权、规范政府部门和水库移民社区间的互动关系、有效盘活贫困移民家庭的各类生计资本、完善后期扶持项目的绩效评估、转变贫困移民的发展思维等方面来塑造贫困移民的脱贫主体性。

Subjectivity Lack and Rebuilding of Impoverished Population of Reservoir Re-settlers

Under the current top-down poverty alleviation in reservoir resettlement,the key to achieving good results lies in the participation of the poor immigrants themselves.However,due to passive migration,the lack of specific aim to the impoverished reservoir resettlement in the implementation process of the post-support projects,passive marginalization in the implementation process of rural povertyalleviation projects,the impoverished reservoir resettlement cannot play the subjectivity role in the practice of poverty alleviation.Shaping the subjectivity of impoverished reservoir resettlement is the fundamental solution to poverty alleviation for the impoverished reservoir resettlement.Therefore,based on the principle of "reasonable empowerment,internal and external combination,upper and lower linkage,tackling the problem,and treating both symptoms and root cause",the paper puts forward five strategies strategy for reconstructing the subjectivity of impoverished reservoir resettlement:(1)Respect and protect the right of participation of impoverished reservoir migration.(2) Regulate the interaction between government departments and reservoir resettlement community.(3) Effectively make an inventory of the various types of livelihood capital of impoverished immigrant families.(4) Improve the performance evaluation of post-support projects.(5) Change the development thinking of the impoverished reservoir resettlement.