真实性抗辩在新闻侵害名誉权案中的适用困境与出路

在新闻报道侵犯名誉权的案件中，真实性抗辩是媒体最常用也最有力的抗辩事由，但其适用关系到多方面的制度选择与利益平衡。在我国司法实践中，主要存在三方面困境。一是“真实”的标准不一，新闻真实与法律真实的差异常常导致证据认定冲突；二是关于“真实”的举证责任分配逻辑混乱；三是合理性误信行为的过错认定标准不明。比较西方相关国家的立法及司法经验，我国真实性抗辩中的“真实标准”应予适当放宽并合理分配举证责任，同时明确合理性误信行为的注意义务。

The Predicament and Way out of the Application of Authenticity Defense in the Cases of News Infringement of Reputation Right

In the cases of news report infringing upon the right of reputation,authenticity defense is the most commonly used and powerful defense in the media.However,its application is related to the choice of system and the balance of interests in many aspects.In the judicial practice of our country,there are mainly three kinds of predicament.First,the standard of "truth" is different,and the difference between news truth and legal truth often leads to the conflict of evidence identification;second,the logic of the distribution of the burden of proof about "truth "is confused;and third,the fault identification standard of reasonable misbelief is unclear.In comparison with the legislative and judicial experience in relevant western countries,the "truth standard" of authenticity defense in China should be appropriately relaxed and the burden of proof should be reasonably distributed,while the duty of care for the reasonable misbelief should be clarified.