自然保护区生态移民农户的生计响应测度——以小溪国家级自然保护区生态移民调查数据为样本

生计问题是自然保护区生态移民城镇化安置中的重要问题，认识和解决这一问题不能忽视移民的生计响应。基于“四维度三强度”生计响应分析框架和测度方法，以小溪国家级自然保护区261户移民农户调查数据为样本，测度了武陵山片区自然保护区移民农户的生计响应情况，发现移民生计资本响应不均衡且移民获取资本能力较弱。移民户生计方式响应最好但移民户之间差异较大，移民户生计产出响应较为明显，尤其是生计产出的行动响应方面最强，移民户生计空间响应相对较弱但移民户之间的差异相对较小。结果表明，武陵山片区自然保护区移民农户的生计响应情况总体较好，但移民农户的生计响应强度由感知、意愿到行动呈现依次递减状态，且移民农户的生计空间响应和物质资本响应仍有较大提升空间。此外，移民生计响应的维度和强度，对移民生计增收机制起着强化或抑制的作用，进而影响移民的持续发展。妥善应对生计响应外部环境带来的各种影响，尊重并激发生计主体的能动性选择，形成移民生计响应与增收机制的正向循环，是提升移民生计响应强度、形成移民持续生计能力、实现移民持续发展的基本思路和路径方法。

Measurement of Livelihood Response of Ecological Migrant Farmers in NatureReserves:Based on the Survey Data of Ecological Migration in Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve

Livelihood is an important issue in the urbanization of ecological immigrants in nature reserves,and the livelihood response of immigrants should not be ignored to understand and solve this problem.Based on the "four-dimension and three-intensity" livelihood response analysis framework and measurement method,this paper measures the livelihood response of migrant farmers in nature reserves ofWuling Mountainous area,taking the survey data of 261 migrant farmers in Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve as the sample.It is found that the immigrant livelihood capital response is uneven and the immigrants' ability to obtain capital is weak,the immigrant households' livelihood style response is the best,but there are great differences among the immigrant households.The response of livelihood output of immigrant households is more obvious,especially the action response of livelihood output is the strongest,the spatial response of livelihood of immigrant households is relatively weak,but the difference between immigrant households is relatively small.The results show that the livelihood response of migrant farmers in nature reserves in Wuling Mountainous area is generally good,but the livelihood response intensity of migrant farmers decreases successively in their perception,willingness,and action,and the livelihood spatial response and material capital response of migrant farmers still have much room for improvement.In addition,the dimension and intensity of migrants' livelihood response strengthen or restrain the mechanism of increasing migrants' livelihood income,which in turn affects the sustainable development of immigrants.In order to enhance the response intensity,form the ability of sustainable livelihood,and realize the sustainable development of immigrants,we should properly respond to various impacts of the external environment,respect and stimulate the active choices of the main body of livelihood,and form a positive cycle of the immigrants' livelihood response and income increase mechanism.