土地财政形成的内在原因分析

土地财政产生的根本原因在于1994年实行的分税制改革和地方官员晋升考核体系的影响。基于此，可在委托－－代理的理论框架下，提出包含分税制改革影响和官员晋升锦标赛的分析模型。模型分析结果表明，上述两者的共同作用导致了目前我国地方政府土地财政格局的形成。同时，该模型还可解释中央政府试图通过转移支付政策减少地方政府对土地财政依赖程度的努力为什么会失效。本研究有助于促使地方政府土地融资走上更加理性和规范的道路。

Internal Reasons for the Formation of the “Land Finance”

As a result of the rational choice of the local government ,“land finance” is rooted in the tax re-form implemented in 1994 and the promotion_assessment system of local officials .This study proposes an analytic model of the impact of the tax reform and the promotion_assessment policy within the framework of the Principal_agent Theory .Results prove that the formation of the local government ’s land finance is a consequence of two factors .The analysis also explains why the central government failed to reduce the local governments’ financial dependence on the land with the policy of payment transfer .The research is theo-retically and practically significant for the local governments to develop a more rational and standardized land financing policy .