关于公企业概念与国企改革的探讨

公企业是西方国有经济的基本组织形式之一,政府在公企业设立、资源获取、资产管理、人事安排、财务管理及重大决策中的权利义务均由公企业的单独立法加以规定。在我国,国有企业改革主要是遵循了公司化改革路径,国有企业被置于公司法基本框架下,政府与国有企业形成股东与公司的基本关系。但在这种法律关系框架下,国有企业特定公共目标的实现具有相当的局限性,并可能引发国家权力与法治原则之间的潜在冲突。本文认为,我国应根据国有经济所处的不同领域采取分类改革思路,在特定领域的国有企业改革中适当借鉴西方公企业形式。

A Reflection on Public Enterprises and SOE’s Corporatization Reform in China

Public enterprise is a primary form of organization of the state-owned economy in western countries and there is separate legislation by the enterprise to prescribe the government’s right and liability in the enterprise’s establishment,resource acquisition,assets management,personnel allocation,finance management,and other policy making activities.State-owned enterprises’ reform in China has followed the practice of corporatization and they are functioning within the framework of Law of Company,which determines the fundamental legal relationship of state and enterprises as that of shareholder and company.However,within such a framework,there are a number of constraints for the achievement of particular public objectives allocated to state-owned enterprises and will lead to potential conflicts between state power and rule of law.The paper argues that public enterprise governed by separate legislation is one of the most important legal forms of state economy in the West and it can serve as an important supplementation to the corporatization reform in China if properly adopted.