技术创新加剧了企业技能短缺吗?

随着劳动力价格上涨,制造业企业人口红利逐渐消失,以互联网、人工智能提升改造传统产业的同时,推动“技术红利”替代“人口红利”,成为制造业企业优化升级的必然选择。技术创新在促进经济发展的同时是否加剧了技能短缺?考察技术创新对技能短缺的影响作用,结果表明:技术创新对企业技能短缺产生了显著的正效应,研发支出增加了对技能劳动力的需求,并且伴随企业规模扩大、技能劳动力比例上升,技能短缺程度加剧。同时,技术创新对技能短缺在区域和产业上存在显著异质性。在超大城市中,技术创新对技能短缺的拉动作用更为显著。在中小城市,技术进步效应并不显著;而技术创新对制造业技能缺口的影响效应也显著强于服务业,进一步验证了技术创新水平的快速提升使现有技能水平无法与之相匹配,加剧了企业技能结构性短缺。

Does Technological Innovation Increase theSkills Shortage of Enterprises?

With the rise of labor cost,the demographic dividend of manufacturing enterprises has disappeared gradually.Transforming traditional industries with Internet and artificial intelligence,and promoting“technological dividend”instead of“demographic dividend”has become an inevitable trend for manufacturing enterprises to optimize and upgrade.Does technological innovation increase the skills shortages while promoting the economic development?The results show that technological innovation has a significant positive effect on the skills shortage of enterprises.R&D expenditure has increased the demand for skilled labor,and skills shortage has intensified as firms expand and the proportion of skilled labor increases.The results also show that the effect of technological innovation is more significant in mega-cities,while the effect of technological progress is not significant in small and medium-sized cities.Furthermore,the effect of technological innovation has a much significant impact on the skills shortage of manufacturing industry than that of the service industry,which further verifies that the existing skills level is unable to catch up with the rapid improvement of technological innovation and thus aggravates the structural skill shortage of enterprises.