论清代文士的塾师生活与底层写作——以蒲松龄为例

以文学家名世的蒲松龄,其终身职业是私塾教师。蒲松龄选择这一职业,既解决了生计问题,又有较充裕的时间准备举业。但蒲松龄屡试不中,只能以塾师终老,一直徘徊在士阶层的底层。可以说科举失败,是蒲松龄展开底层写作的一个重要根由,而蒲松龄的创作,也真实地反映了清代塾师科举蹉跎、择业艰难、经济窘迫的生存状态。探讨蒲松龄文学的底层写作特色,可以揭示中国传统社会底层文人的职业活动与文学创作的关系。

On the Relationship Between Literary Men’ s Lives in Qing Dynasty as Private Tutors and Grass-Roots Writing——Taking Pu Songling as the Study Case

Renowned as a litterature,Pu Songling worked as a private tutor throughout his life.He took such a job both to support himself and to spare time for the Imperial Examinations at the provincial level,but he failed at each trial and ended up as a private tutor at the bottom of the scholar stratum.Beginning his grass-roots writing mainly because of the failure in the Imperial Examinations,Pu Songling actually reflected in his works the subsistent states of private tutors in Qing Dynasty who were hopelessly mediocre,unemployment-threatened and poverty-stricken.It is in this sense that to study the features of Pu Songling’ s grass-roots writing may reveal the relationship between the occupations of bottom literary men in traditional Chinese society and their literary travail.