拉美国家生态环境变迁及其对中国的启示

继经济发展问题之后，生态环境问题越来越受到各国重视。拉丁美洲作为生态环境资源最丰富的地区，由于急于求成的发展思路和缺乏可持续发展的理念，在现代化进程中造成了令人惋惜的生态环境灾难。森林大面积损毁、淡水资源紧张、土壤平衡破坏、空气污染、固体废弃物堆积等环境困境，严重阻碍了社会经济发展和人民的生产生活。20世纪中后期，以人为本与可持续发展理念在拉美国家广泛形成。多渠道保护森林资源、精致型的城市化道路、把握全球化的正面契机为拉美社会经济与生态环境的和谐发展提供了可能。中国与多数拉美国家一样属于发展中国家，在发展过程中同样面临发展经济与保护生态环境之间的矛盾，拉美国家的教训与经验对于协调中国社会经济发展与生态文明建设的关系有重要启示。

Changes of Ecological Environment in Latin America and Inspirations for China

Following the issue of economic development, environmental issues are being gained more and more attentions in every country. Latin America as an area with richest resources, eagerness mind for the fast economic development and lack of sustainable development concept resulted in a deplorable ecological catastrophe in the modernization process. A large area of damaged forest, freshwater resource constraints, soil balance destruction, air pollution, solid waste accumulation and other environmental difficulties, caused a serious impediment to social and economic development and the production and life of people. In the late 20th century, the concept of people-oriented sustainable development was formed and spread broadly in the Latin America countries. Multi-channel protection of forest resources, refinement of urbanization, and globalization provided a positive opportunity to accord development between the socio-economic and ecological environment in the Latin America. Like most Latin American countries, China is a developing country, also facing a conflict between economic development and ecological environment protection in the development process, the lessons and experiences from Latin American countries should offer significant inspirations for coordinating the relationships between socio-economic development and ecological civilization in China.