我国国有林场分类经营改革探索

当前我国国有林场正在推行分类经营改革。本文认为，当前将国有林场划分为生态公益型林场和商品经营型林场的分类方式可能面临许多现实问题和深层次矛盾，导致国有林场分类经营改革举步维艰、进展迟缓。这种分类方式，实际上源于森林分类经营理论，即按照森林多种功能的主导作用不同，把森林划分为公益林和商品林，经营商品林为主的国有林场属于商品经营型林场，按企业方式运作；经营生态公益林为主的国有林场属于生态公益型林场，按事业单位管理。但是经过分析发现，生态公益林生产和事业林场并不是必然的一体关系，因此，当前国有林场分类经营改革的分类方式理论依据并不充分。为此，本文提出，应按照国有林场经营对象和经营性质2个标准，将国有林场划分为商品经营型林场、生态公益型林场和生态经营型林场3种类型。

Study on the Classified Management Reform of State-owned Forest Farms in China

The classified management reform of state-owned forest farms in China is putting in practice currently. This paper thinks that the mode to classify the farms into ecological public benefit farms and commodity management farms faces many practical problems and deep-seated contradiction, which makes the classified management reform have difficulty progressing. In fact, the current classifying mode is born of the classified forest management theory, which divides the forest into ecological forest and commodity forest, so the farms which deal in commodity forest should be commodity management farms, and operated as a enterprises, the farms which deal in ecological forest should be ecological commonweal farms, and operated as a public institution. However, it is concluded that the production of ecological forest is not integrative with the farms in public institution form. Furthermore, the current classifying mode has not a sound theoretic basis. Therefore, this paper brings forward that the state-owned forest farms should be classified into commodity management farms, ecological public benefit farms and ecological management farms.