家庭暴力受害人法律地位认知的理论反思

我国现有的反家庭暴力方面的法律规定主要是从规制家庭暴力侵权行为的角度进行的立法,对家庭暴力受害人的权利规定也仅限于一般的权利保护方式,并未从法律主体的角度对其进行保护。这主要是因为传统的理论认为,家庭暴力受害人是一种与普通侵权行为受害人一样的法律主体,未将其作为一个整体性的、需要法律特殊保护的法律主体来对待。传统的理论只是建立在形式平等原则、功利主义原则基础之上的。我国的反家庭暴力立法,应当从人权法角度,对家庭暴力受害人进行倾斜保护,使反家庭暴力立法成为一部人权保护法,而非简单的侵权特别法或者婚姻特别法。

Theoretical Reflections on Identification of Legal Status of Domestic Violence Victims

China’s current law and regulations on domestic violence are mainly about restricting torts caused by domestic violence.Existing articles about the rights of domestic violence victims are limited to protecting general rights,and not their rights as a legal subject.The reason for this is that,according to traditional theories,domestic violence victims are considered the same legal subject as general tort victims,and are not considered a group that needs special legal protection.These traditional theories are based upon the principles of formal equality and utilitarianism.China’s Law on Domestic Violence should place inclined protection on victims in terms of human rights law,making the laws itself a protection of human rights,not just a simple special law on tort or on marriage.