农村劳动力流动如何影响农户宅基地退出行为?

使用四川泸县和宁夏平罗县803户农户的微观调研数据,实证探究了农村劳动力流动对农户宅基地退出行为的影响及其内在作用机制。结果表明:农村劳动力流动会促进农户退出宅基地,且劳动力流动对农户宅基地退出行为的正向影响随流动距离的增加而增大。进一步研究发现,农村劳动力流动显著增加了农户家庭收入,但农户家庭收入在劳动力流动影响农户宅基地退出行为中承担的中介作用表现为“遮掩效应”。从农村劳动力流动面临的风险寻求解释机制,结果表明,来自市场、制度及社会等层面的风险均对农户宅基地退出行为产生显著抑制作用,且从社会网络异质性角度看,这些风险对低社会网络农户宅基地退出行为的抑制作用更大。因此,建议积极引导达到城市化要求的高收入群体走出“半城市化”,从市场、制度和社会三个维度破解农户宅基地退出障碍,帮助农户进一步拓展社会网络来弥补城乡分割的社会结构漏洞。

How Does Rural Labor Mobility Affect Farmers Homestead Withdrawal?

In the context of the high vacancy rate of rural homesteads in China,the mechanism of how rural labor mobility affects the withdrawal behavior of rural households’homesteads needs to be clarified urgently.This paper uses the micro-survey data of 803 rural households in Lu County,Sichuan and Pingluo County,Ningxia,to empirically study the impact of rural labor mobility on farmers’homestead withdrawal behavior.The results of the study show that,rural labor mobility will promote the withdrawal of rural households’homesteads,and the positive impact increases with the increase of the mobility distance.Further research finds that rural labor mobility has significantly increased the income of rural households,but the intermediary role of rural household income is shown as a“masking effect”.The explanation mechanism’s results show that risks from the market,system,and society have a significant inhibitory effect on the withdrawal behavior of rural households’homesteads,and are heterogeneous from social networks.And from the perspective of social network heterogeneity,those risks have a greater inhibitory effect on the withdrawal behavior of rural households with low social networks.Therefore,it is recommended to actively guide high-income groups that meet the requirements of urbanization out of“semi-urbanization”,break the barriers to the exit of rural households’homesteads from the three dimensions of market,system,and society,and help rural households to further expand their social networks to fill the gaps in the social structure of urban-rural division.