社会学的相对性与起点多元性

由于社会学的研究对象在内容上的丰富与广泛性,关于何谓社会学的本质问题在学界一直争论不休。社会学的创始人孔德提出并阐述了社会学的唯一特性———相对性思想;迪尔凯姆对社会学起点的突破,并从思想内容与理论实质上认定孟德斯鸠是社会学先驱,这实质上明确了如何界定社会学的本质和梳理社会学历史的原则;我们应该承认社会学相对性的本质,应该接受基于不同地域环境或不同文化传统社会学发生、发展的多元性这一事实。

The Relativity and Multiple Origins of Sociology

Due to the abundance in the objects of study of sociology, scholars have been arguing about the nature of sociology. Auguste Comte, the founder of sociology, put forward and illustrated what he considered to be the sole character of sociology, relativity. Emile Durkheim, on the other hand, believed that Baron de Montesquieu was a pioneer of sociology, which actually clarified the nature of sociology and set down the principle of studying sociological history. Based on the summary of all these ideas, the present paper concludes that we should accept the relative nature of sociology and the multiple origins of sociology.