伦理学基本理论问题新探

伦理就是社会角色配置之道,人们把对社会角色配置之道的认识与体悟现实化就成为道德。道德的本质就是伦理的现实化。现实化有三种形态:一是现实化为社会道德规范,二是现实化为个人道德品质,三是现实化为具体道德实践。伦理总是对一定时空范围的社会共同体而言的伦理,我们把特定伦理适用的时空范围称为伦理时空。伦理关系的本质是自我主体(self-sujects)与他者主体(other-subjects)之间的价值关系。哲学伦理学的基本问题应当是"伦理理想与道德现实的关系"。正义是具体条件下最能够实现共同体价值最大化的价值。道德正义有四种涵义:一是指道德规范的正义性;二是指作为美德的正义感;三是指道德实践领域的正义,即道德行为主体的道德权利与道德义务之间的均衡;四是可以作为一切道德规范的总原则的规范。我们将对金规则的解释合起来就是"以人为人、助人成人;人道人宜、非人非宜。所宜所欲,不宜不欲。"

A new exploration to basic theoretical problems of ethics

Ethics is the way of social role configuration,and people’s awareness and understanding of the reality of the allocation of social roles become a "morality".The nature of morality is the actualization of ethics,which contains three forms:social moral standard;individual moral character;and the concrete moral practice.The ethics is always the one for the social community of a certain spatial and temporal scales,and the spatial and temporal scales applicable to the specific ethics are known as the ethical space.The essence of ethics relation is the value relations between self-subjects and other-subjects.So the basic problem of philosophical ethics should be the relation between ethical ideals and moral reality.Justice is the maximum value of which can achieve the common value in specific conditions.There are four meanings of moral justice:one refers to the justice of ethics;the other is justice of virtues;the third is the justice in moral practice areas,which is the equilibrium between moral right and moral obligations of moral behavioral subject;the forth is the specification of general principle of ethics.The general interpretation for golden rule is:regarding a person as one personage,helping everybody to become best being;humanity is suitability,inhumanity is unsuitability;suitability is be wished,unsuitability is be unwished.