村庄革命的“内生性”及其限度——试论孙犁的《村歌》

《村歌》是孙犁根据1947—1948年下乡参加土改工作的经验创作而成的中篇小说。本文通过对《村歌》的文本分析指出,在新的历史情势下,孙犁试图借助小说这一文学体裁,记录、反映并想象和建构革命的现实与远景。区别于同一时期大部分的土改小说,孙犁在《村歌》中并未着力呈现政策对现实的引导或两者之间的频繁互动,张岗村的土改运动主要被叙述为政策引导下村庄内生的革命潜能的引爆,土改中遇到的阻碍大多通过村庄中人半自发的组织、互助和话语创新得到解决。这一构造内含着孙犁对革命路径的想象,即革命不仅意味着对村庄的颠覆和改造,更存在着从乡村传统和日常人伦中生发出来的可能。但同时,在小说中,激荡的革命情绪最终仍然被回收为双眉个人情感的高扬,却也症候式地呈现了这一革命想象与现实的龃龉,和在新的历史情势下不得不面对的难题。

The Endogeneity of the Village Revolution and Its Limits——A Research on Sun Li's Village Song

Village Song is a novel written by Sun Li,based on his experience of going to the countryside to participate in land reform from 1947 to 1948.Through the text analysis of Village Song,this article points out that under the new historical situation,Sun Li tried to use the novel as a literary genre to record,reflect,imagine and construct the reality and vision of the revolution.Different from most of the land reform novels in the same period,Sun Li did not focus on the policy guidance to reality or the frequent interaction between them.The land reform movement in Zhanggang Village is mainly described as the endogenous detonation of the revolutionary potential under the guidance of policies,and the obstacles encountered in the land reform are mostly resolved through the semi-spontaneous organization,mutual assistance,and discourse innovation of the people in the village.This structure contains Sun Li’s imagination of the path of revolution,that is,a revolution not only means the overthrow and transformation of the village,but also the possibility of deriving from rural traditions and daily human relationships.But at the same time,in the novel,the turbulent revolutionary sentiment was eventually recovered as the elevation of personal emotions of Shuangmei,which symptomatically presented the discord between revolutionary imagination and reality and difficult problems in the new historical situation.