环境侵权民事责任的要件分析——以两起噪声污染侵权案为例

在现实生活中,环境侵权行为具有间接性、持续性、潜伏性,以及各主体的不平等性等特征,其潜在的环境侵权行为通常会使受害人在请求加害人承担民事责任的过程中遇到重重障碍。比如在主观要件上,因环境侵权行为的长期性、伴随性等特征的存在,使受害人承担过错的举证责任极为困难;在因果关系的判断上,由于环境侵权行为的长期潜伏性,导致了环境侵权损害的原因行为与损害结果之间的严重脱节等。要充分发挥环境侵权民事责任在推动环境维权方面的功能,必须对环境民事侵权责任有一个全面的了解。

Analysis of the Elements of Civil Liability for Environmental Violations——Taking two cases of yawp infringement for example

In real life,the environment infringement is characterized with its indirection,durative,delitescence and subject inequality,and potential environmental violations are always obstacles in the process when the victim requests the person causing the injury to bear civil liability.As for the subjective elements,it is very difficult for the victim to bear the burden of proof of fault because of the long-term and incidental nature of environmental violations;in causal judgments the long-term delitescence of environmental violations leads to a serious discrepancy between the damage behavior and damage result in an environmental tort.It is essential to have thorough knowledge of civil liability for environmental violations in order to give full play to its functions in promotion of environmental protection.