人口与环境可持续发展

人口环境系统是人口、资源、环境组成的对立统一的自然社会系统 ,是高度融合的有机整体。人口环境系统动因包括人口环境运动的推动、关系的调整和规律的作用。地球环境系统被人口压力突破后表现出矛盾的滞后性、影响的多重性和经济陷于衰退。人口过多、素质偏低和老龄化加快三症并发 ,成为中国人口与环境发展的独特现象。环境的作用包括给人类提供自然资源、自净功能或环境容量 ,提供舒适性环境的精神享受。环境问题的实质是人类索取超过资源本身、排污超过环境自净能力、自然资源耗竭超过极限便不可逆转。中国传统工业是一柄双刃剑 ,高投入、高消费求得增长 ,物耗和污染代价巨大。环境污染的主因是决策者和建设者缺乏可持续发展意识。可持续发展是实现人口与环境协调发展的科学、合理的社会结构范式。可持续发展可形象地比作人类发展坐标轴 :纵坐标是时间上的连续性 ,即兼顾当代与后代 ,控制人口 ,提高素质 ,珍惜资源 ,保护环境 ;横坐标是空间上的立体性 ,即精神文明、物质文明、社会文明、生态文明并举 ;轴心是人口与环境关系的良性互动。

Sustainable Development of Population and Environment

Population,resourses and environment make up a huge mutually dependent system.It is a natural and social system of unity of opposites and the basic contradictions within become its motive. The reasons for the system movement include promotion of the system movement relation adjustment and effect of the law.The earth environment system has been overburdened by population,leading to hysteresis of contradictions,mutiple effects and economic decline.Excessive population with low quality and speeding up of aging constitutes a unique phenomenon in the development of population and environment in china. Environmental effect includes supplying human with natural resources,self cleaning or environmental capacity and offering comfortable spiritual entertainment.The essence of environmental problem lies with overexploitation of resources,too much waste of discharging beyond its self cleaning capacity and irreversibility of over use of natural resources.The resultant damages is not only threatening the health of of this generation but also obstructing the existance and development of descendants.China's traditional industry is a two edged sword.It is being troubled by the serious imbalance of locations,out of date technologies and management mode With great input and large consumption the industry grows at the waste of resources and contamination.Without corresponding measures,China will be walking on the the road of "prosperity in economy with heavy pollution"in developed countries.Environmental pollution results much from the lack of a sense of sustainable developoment in the decision makers and constructers. Sustainable developoment is a scientific and rational social structure model to co ordinate the development of population and environment and an ideal blueprint and necessary way for the nature to humanize and the human to naturalize. Sustainable developoment can be vividly figured as a coordinate axis of human development:the ordinate is the continuality of time including consideration of this generation and after,population control human quality improvement and resources cherishing;the abscissae is stereoscopic demanding the simultaneous development of spiritual civilization,material civilization,social civilization and ecological civilization the axis is the benign interactive relation between population and environment