埃尔斯特与《理解马克思》——社会科学家视角的“分析的”马克思主义研究进路

西方＂分析的马克思主义＂现象的重要代表人物埃尔斯特,在其分析马克思文本《理解马克思》这一著作中,运用历史社会学的＂历史语境＂,阐释了自己对于马克思及其论题的理解,充分体现出其＂分析的＂方法论进路,表现出一种对严密和明晰的风格的坚持,《理解马克思》的出版源于埃尔斯特广泛的研究涉猎以及对马克思研究的回归。埃尔斯特观察马克思如何解释和以什么方式来解释社会现象,认为在这个解释过程中并存着＂方法论的个体主义＂与＂方法论的集体主义＂两种方法论主张;与方法论密切相关的是三个层次的社会科学解释模式,包括亚意图因果解释和超意图因果解释所构成的因果分析;＂超个体的实体＂的存在则被用于定义＂方法论的集体主义＂原则。透过对埃尔斯特著作及其方法论主张的了解,人们能更加清晰地理解＂分析的马克思主义＂现象,从而加深对＂如何理解马克思（主义）＂这一问题的认识。

Jon Elster and Making Sense of Marx: "analytical" approach to Marxist study in the view of social scientists

Jon Elster,an important representative of western ＂analytical Marxism＂,explains his understanding of Karl Marx in his ＂Making Sense of Marx＂ with extremely rich contents by using ＂historical context＂ in historical sociology.The ＂analytical＂ methodology is fully reflected in the book and the insistence on a strict and clear analysis style is shown.Making Sense of Marx comes from Elster＇s extensive researches and his return to Marx study.Elster examines the process in which Marx explained social phenomena.Elster believes that ＂methodological individualism＂ and ＂methodological collectivism＂ co-exist in the interpretation process.The three levels of interpretation patterns are closely related with methodology,including two different causal analyses of ＂sub-intentional causality＂ and ＂supra-intentional causality＂.The existence of ＂super-individual entity＂ is used to define the principle of ＂methodological collectivism＂.Through Elster＇s writings and claims about the methodology,we can understand the ＂analytical Marxism＂ phenomenon more clearly,and enhance our awareness as to ＂how to understand Marx or Marxism＂.