大陆灾害社会工作实务反思与本土化启示--基于四川5＆#183;12大地震以来的实务经验

灾害社会工作组织困境主要表现为从非持续性向持续性、从职业质疑向社会认同、从非专业性向专业性、从社会主流观向原住民在地观转变等问题，灾害社会工作服务困境则有从边做边学向专业培训、从非均衡性向均衡性、从恢复重建向发展预防、从受灾群体向弱势群体转变等问题，而灾害社会工作制度困境主要包括从制度排斥向制度接纳、从平稳机制缺乏向民非企业建构、从监督缺乏向服务评估、从社会救助向公平政策转变等问题。灾害社会工作发展需要考虑是以嵌入发展还是自主发展优先、经济增长还是永续社区优先、外在嵌入还是在地深耕优先等问题，在此基础上逐步走向“政府让渡空间、专业自主发展”的健康发展轨道，同时推动社区重建迈向“永续社区”发展。社会工作介入灾害服务成功标志是外地社工撤离后介入效果仍然能够长期持续，当地居民能自主推进社区有序发展。

Reflections and Enlightenment of the Social Work Practice of Disaster in the Mainland

The problems of social work organization of disaster manifest as transition from discontinuity to con -tinuity, from professional doubt to social identification , from non-profession to profession , from social guidance to local residents and so on .The difficulties of social service of disaster are conversion from studying over working to professional training , from imbalance to balance , from reconstruction to prevention , from victims to vulnerable groups and so on .The predicaments of disaster social system are changes from systematic exclusion to acceptation , from lack of stable system to establishment of non -organizational enterprise , from lack of supervision to service e-valuation , from social relief to fair polices and so on .With regard to the development of disaster social work , we should consider a series of problems .We can gradually step toward to professional and independent development , which will bring along change from community reconstruction to community sustainable development .