ICSID公约退出的法律影响探讨

ICSID公约第72条中的"同意"应被解释为不可撤销的"单方同意"。玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔和委内瑞拉在通知退出ICSID公约前于双边投资保护条约或促进投资国内立法中所作的受ICSID管辖的"普遍同意"即便在这三国的退出行为生效后仍能被外国投资者接受,从而达成两者间"同意仲裁的合意",ICSID据此拥有管辖权。但基于平衡退出国与外国投资者的利益考虑,应将有权按照ICSID公约下仲裁或调解程序提交ICSID管辖的外国投资限定为在东道国退出生效前已进行的投资。部分拉美国家退出ICSID公约的行为对ICSID保护国际投资作用的发挥影响有限。有关拉美国家应采取积极主动举措,以期改变目前在国际投资争端解决事项上共同所处的被动局面。

On the Legal Effects of Denouncing ICSID Convention

“Consent” in Article 72 of the ICSID Convention shall be interpreted as irrevocable“unilateral con-sent”.The“offer of consent” to subject to ICSID jurisdiction given before the denunciation notice by Bolivia, Ec-uador and Venezuela in their BITs and investment promotion legislation still can be“accepted” by foreign investors even after the denunciations enter into force, therefore the“agreement to arbitrate” is fulfilled, and ICSID renders the jurisdiction.However, to balance the interest between the denunciation country and the foreign investors, the foreign investments subject to ICSID jurisdiction in accordance with the arbitration and conciliation proceedings un-der the ICSID Convention shall be confined to the ones made prior to the effective date of the host country’s denunci-ation.The denunciations of some Latin American countries from ICSID Convention appear to impose little effect on the role of ICSID in protecting international investments.The Latin American countries concerned shall adopt posi-tive and active measures to change the commonly passive situation of dealing with the issue of settling international investment disputes.